Tham khảo Đế_quốc

Tham khảo Đế_quốc_Songhai

↑ Bethwell A. Ogot, Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century, (UNESCO Publishing, 2000), 303.
↑ hunwick 2003, tr. xlix.Lỗi sfn: không có mục tiêu: CITEREFhunwick2003 (trợ giúp)
↑ Taagepera 1979, tr. 497.Lỗi sfn: không có mục tiêu: CITEREFTaagepera1979 (trợ giúp)

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Taagepera, Rein (1979). Social Science History, Vol. 3, No. 3/4 "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.". Durham: Duke University Press.

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